基于Centos7.6和Hadoop3.13环境下安装Hive3.12
一、前置环境
二、Hive地址
1.Hive官网地址
2.文档查看地址
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/GettingStarted
3.下载地址
http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/
4.github地址
https://github.com/apache/hive
三、Hive安装部署
1.把apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz上传到linux的/opt/software目录下
2.解压apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz到/opt/module/目录下面
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf /opt/software/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
3.修改apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz的名称为hive
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mv /opt/module/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/ /opt/module/hive
4.修改/etc/profile.d/my_env.sh,添加环境变量
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo vim /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
5.在my_env.sh添加内容
#HIVE_HOME,
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
或
HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export PATH HIVE_HOME
6.解决日志Jar包冲突
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mv $HIVE_HOME/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.bak
四、Hive元数据配置到MySql
1.拷贝驱动
将MySQL的JDBC驱动拷贝到Hive的lib目录下
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ cp /opt/software/mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib
2.配置Metastore到MySql
在$HIVE_HOME/conf目录下新建hive-site.xml文件
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml
添加如下内容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<!-- jdbc连接的URL -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?useSSL=false</value>
</property>
<!-- jdbc连接的Driver-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<!-- jdbc连接的username-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<!-- jdbc连接的password -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
</property>
<!-- Hive默认在HDFS的工作目录 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<!-- Hive元数据存储版本的验证 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定存储元数据要连接的地址 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://hadoop102:9083</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定hiveserver2连接的端口号 -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
<value>10000</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定hiveserver2连接的host -->
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
<value>hadoop102</value>
</property>
<!-- 元数据存储授权 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
五、安装Tez引擎
Tez是一个Hive的运行引擎,性能优于MR。为什么优于MR呢?看下图:
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用Hive直接编写MR程序,假设有四个有依赖关系的MR作业,上图中,绿色是Reduce Task,云状表示写屏蔽,需要将中间结果持久化写到HDFS。
Tez可以将多个有依赖的作业转换为一个作业,这样只需写一次HDFS,且中间节点较少,从而大大提升作业的计算性能。
1.将tez安装包拷贝到集群,并解压tar包
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mkdir /opt/module/tez
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf /opt/software/tez-0.10.1- minimal SNAPSHOT.tar.gz -C /opt/module/tez
2.上传tez依赖到HDFS
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /tez
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ hadoop fs -put /opt/software/tez-0.10.1-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz /tez
3.新建tez-site.xml
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/tez-site.xml
添加如下内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>tez.lib.uris</name>
<value>${fs.defaultFS}/tez/tez-0.10.1-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.use.cluster.hadoop-libs</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.am.resource.memory.mb</name>
<value>1024</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.am.resource.cpu.vcores</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.container.max.java.heap.fraction</name>
<value>0.4</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.task.resource.memory.mb</name>
<value>1024</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>tez.task.resource.cpu.vcores</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
4.修改Hadoop环境变量
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/shellprofile.d/tez.sh
添加Tez的Jar包相关信息
hadoop_add_profile tez
function _tez_hadoop_classpath
{
hadoop_add_classpath "$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop" after
hadoop_add_classpath "/opt/module/tez/*" after
hadoop_add_classpath "/opt/module/tez/lib/*" after
}
5.修改Hive的计算引擎
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml
加以下内容:
<property>
<name>hive.execution.engine</name>
<value>tez</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.tez.container.size</name>
<value>1024</value>
</property>
6.解决日志Jar包冲突
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ rm /opt/module/tez/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar
六、启动Hive
>一、初始化元数据库
1.登陆MySQL
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mysql -uroot -p000000
2.新建Hive元数据库
mysql> create database metastore;
mysql> quit;
3.初始化Hive元数据库
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql -verbose
二、启动metastore和hiveserver2
1.Hive 2.x以上版本,要先启动这两个服务,否则会报错:
FAILED: HiveException java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
1.1启动metastore
[atguigu@hadoop202 hive]$ hive --service metastore
2020-04-24 16:58:08: Starting Hive Metastore Server
注意: 启动后窗口不能再操作,需打开一个新的shell窗口做别的操作
1.2启动 hiveserver2
[atguigu@hadoop202 hive]$ hive --service hiveserver2
which: no hbase in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/bin:/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin:/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin:/opt/module/hive/bin:/home/atguigu/.local/bin:/home/atguigu/bin)
2020-04-24 17:00:19: Starting HiveServer2
注意: 启动后窗口不能再操作,需打开一个新的shell窗口做别的操作
2.编写hive服务启动脚本
[atguigu@hadoop102 hive]$ vim $HIVE_HOME/bin/hiveservices.sh
#!/bin/bash
HIVE_LOG_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/logs
if [ ! -d $HIVE_LOG_DIR ]
then
mkdir -p $HIVE_LOG_DIR
fi
#检查进程是否运行正常,参数1为进程名,参数2为进程端口
function check_process()
{
pid=$(ps -ef 2>/dev/null | grep -v grep | grep -i $1 | awk '{print $2}')
ppid=$(netstat -nltp 2>/dev/null | grep $2 | awk '{print $7}' | cut -d '/' -f 1)
echo $pid
[[ "$pid" =~ "$ppid" ]] && [ "$ppid" ] && return 0 || return 1
}
function hive_start()
{
metapid=$(check_process HiveMetastore 9083)
cmd="nohup hive --service metastore >$HIVE_LOG_DIR/metastore.log 2>&1 &"
cmd=$cmd" sleep 4; hdfs dfsadmin -safemode wait >/dev/null 2>&1"
[ -z "$metapid" ] && eval $cmd || echo "Metastroe服务已启动"
server2pid=$(check_process HiveServer2 10000)
cmd="nohup hive --service hiveserver2 >$HIVE_LOG_DIR/hiveServer2.log 2>&1 &"
[ -z "$server2pid" ] && eval $cmd || echo "HiveServer2服务已启动"
}
function hive_stop()
{
metapid=$(check_process HiveMetastore 9083)
[ "$metapid" ] && kill $metapid || echo "Metastore服务未启动"
server2pid=$(check_process HiveServer2 10000)
[ "$server2pid" ] && kill $server2pid || echo "HiveServer2服务未启动"
}
case $1 in
"start")
hive_start
;;
"stop")
hive_stop
;;
"restart")
hive_stop
sleep 2
hive_start
;;
"status")
check_process HiveMetastore 9083 >/dev/null && echo "Metastore服务运行正常" || echo "Metastore服务运行异常"
check_process HiveServer2 10000 >/dev/null && echo "HiveServer2服务运行正常" || echo "HiveServer2服务运行异常"
;;
*)
echo Invalid Args!
echo 'Usage: '$(basename $0)' start|stop|restart|status'
;;
esac
3.添加执行权限
[atguigu@hadoop102 hive]$ chmod +x $HIVE_HOME/bin/hiveservices.sh
4.启动Hive后台服务
[atguigu@hadoop102 hive]$ hiveservices.sh start
七、HiveJDBC访问
1.启动beeline客户端
[atguigu@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/beeline -u jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000 -n atguigu
显示如下:
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 3.1.2)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 3.1.2)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Beeline version 3.1.2 by Apache Hive
0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop102:10000>
八、Hive访问
1.启动hive客户端
[atguigu@hadoop102 hive]$ bin/hive
显示如下:
which: no hbase in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/bin:/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin:/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin:/opt/module/hive/bin:/home/atguigu/.local/bin:/home/atguigu/bin)
Hive Session ID = 36f90830-2d91-469d-8823-9ee62b6d0c26
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive Session ID = 14f96e4e-7009-4926-bb62-035be9178b02
hive>
2.打印 当前库 和 表头
在hive-site.xml中加入如下两个配置:
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.header</name>
<value>true</value>
<description>Whether to print the names of the columns in query output.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
<value>true</value>
<description>Whether to include the current database in the Hive prompt.</description>
</property>
3.退出hive窗口:
hive(default)>exit;
hive(default)>quit;