发布于 4年前
ip - 网络配置工具
补充说明
ip命令 用来显示或操纵Linux主机的路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下较新的功能强大的网络配置工具。
语法
ip(选项)(参数)
Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
ip [ -force ] -batch filename选项
OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
netns | l2tp | macsec | tcp_metrics | token }
-V：显示指令版本信息；
-s：输出更详细的信息；
-f：强制使用指定的协议族；
-4：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv4协议；
-6：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv6协议；
-0：输出信息每条记录输出一行，即使内容较多也不换行显示；
-r：显示主机时，不使用IP地址，而使用主机的域名。参数
OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
-h[uman-readable] | -iec |
-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | bridge | link } |
-4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
-l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
-o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
-rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }
网络对象：指定要管理的网络对象；
具体操作：对指定的网络对象完成具体操作；
help：显示网络对象支持的操作命令的帮助信息。实例
ip link show # 显示网络接口信息
ip link set eth0 up # 开启网卡
ip link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡
ip link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式
ip link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式
ip link set eth0 txqueuelen <span class="token number">1200 # 设置网卡队列长度
ip link set eth0 mtu <span class="token number">1400 # 设置网卡最大传输单元
ip addr show # 显示网卡IP信息
ip addr add <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.1/<span class="token number">24 dev eth0 # 设置eth0网卡IP地址<span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.1
ip addr del <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.1/<span class="token number">24 dev eth0 # 删除eth0网卡IP地址
ip route show # 显示系统路由
ip route add default via <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.1<span class="token number">.254 # 设置系统默认路由
ip route list # 查看路由信息
ip route add <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.4<span class="token number">.0/<span class="token number">24 via <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.254 dev eth0 # 设置<span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.4<span class="token number">.0网段的网关为<span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.254,数据走eth0接口
ip route add default via <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.254 dev eth0 # 设置默认网关为<span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.0<span class="token number">.254
ip route del <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.4<span class="token number">.0/<span class="token number">24 # 删除<span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.4<span class="token number">.0网段的网关
ip route del default # 删除默认路由
ip route delete <span class="token number">192.168<span class="token number">.1<span class="token number">.0/<span class="token number">24 dev eth0 # 删除路由</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>用ip命令显示网络设备的运行状态
[root@localhost ~]# ip link list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff显示更加详细的设备信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
3641655380 62027099 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
6155236 89160 0 0 0 0
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
2562136822 488237847 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
3486617396 9691081 0 0 0 0 显示核心路由表
[root@localhost ~]# ip route list
112.124.12.0/22 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 112.124.15.130
10.160.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.160.7.81
192.168.0.0/16 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
172.16.0.0/12 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
10.0.0.0/8 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
default via 112.124.15.247 dev eth1显示邻居表
[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh list
112.124.15.247 dev eth1 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f3:88 REACHABLE
10.160.15.247 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f2:c0 STALE获取主机所有网络接口
ip link | grep -E '^[0-9]' | awk -F: '{print $2}'
